III. THE LANGUAGE OF THE SARMATIANS
3. The Sarmatian Dialects of the North Pontic Region
4.
The Old Iranian initial phoneme p- has two different developments:
1. p-, 2. f-.
Old Iranian *p- > p-.
Tyras,
Latyshev, IOSPE I, 2 (181 A. D.): ~ Avestan pitar- 'Vater'
(Vasmer, op. cit., 48); the name comes from the form *pita-na-.
Tyras, Latyshev,
IOSPE
I, 2 (181 A. D.): ~ Avestan pitar +
(Vasmer, loc. cit.).
Olbia, Latyshev,
IOSPE
I, 62: ~ Avestan puϑra- 'Sohn'
(Vasmer, loc. cit.).
Olbia, Latyshev,
IOSPE
IV, 15: < Old Iranian *puϑra-ka-.
Olbia, Latyshev,
IOSPE
I, 61: < *pita-.
Tanais,
,
No. 302 (220 A. D.): < Old Iranian *pati- 'Herr'.
Old Iranian *p- > f-.
Tanais,
,
No. 485 (103—203 A. D.): ~ Ossetian fidä 'Vater' < Old Iranian
*pita- (Vasmer, op. cit., 55).
Tanais,
,
No. 380 (236 A. D.): < Old Iranian *pita-na-,
Tanais,
,
No. 379 (beginning of 3rd cent. A. D.): in Miller's view = Ossetian fedavinag
'friedliebend': this, however is phonetically impossible. The word has
to be regarded simply as the result of further suffixation from *fida-
< Old Iranian *pita-, formed with the group of suffixes -na-ka-,
known to us from Sogdian and Saka (cp. Sogdian -(’)n’k: pwt’n’k
'bouddhique', Benveniste, Essai de grammaire sogdienne, II, 95 and Saka
-naa-: āyīnaa-
'Spiegel', Konow, Khotansakische Grammatik, 68).
Tanais,
,
No. 411 (175—211 A. D.): < Old Iranian *parugav- 'rinderreich'
(Vasmer, op. cit., 55).
Tanais,
,
No. 386 (225 and 212—229 A. D.) see above.
Tanais; Latyshev,
IOSPEII,
447; < Old Iranian *paru-yava- 'viel Getreide besitzend' (Vasmer,
loc.
cit.).
Phanagoria,
Latyshev, IOSPE II, 364, Tanais,
,
No. 384 (211—219 A. D.): Miller tried to explain this word from Ossetian
*fudag 'ausgelassen, Schlingel' [89]. But there
is no evidence of this word being used as a proper
89. Miller's interpretation is
known to me only from Vasmer's work. The form fudag given by Vasmer
is probably derived from the word fud 'das Böse' by means of the
adjectival suffix -ag. In the dictionary of Miller-Freimann
we find, however, the word fudag
'ausgelassen etc.': hence it seems very likely that Miller actually had
this word in mind. In this case his interpretation is unacceptable for
phonetic reasons, too.
88
name. It is conceivable as a nickname, but this is contradicted by the
widespread use of the name .
It seems to have been the name of a large family or tribal unit, part of
which lived in Phanagoria, part in Tanais. Thus it seems a likelier suggestion
that the stem of the name
which, after separating the suffix -k (-κος),
appears as
:
fuda-
corresponds exactly to Avestan puδa-
'Name einer iranischen Familie' (Bartholomae, AirWb., 909). If this
explanation is correct, we have here a second instance of an exact equivalent
to one of the names in the Avesta among the Iranian tribes of South Russia.
The importance of the first instance and the historical significance implied
in the exact correspondence between the Avestan fryāna- 'Name einer
gläubigen tūrisehen
Familie' and the name
from Olbia have recently been emphasized by Nyberg (Die Religionen des
alten Iran, 251).
Tanais,
,
,
No. 388 (228 A. D.): ~ Ossetian fur 'Hammel' (Miller,
III, 80). The Ossetian word is, however, of unknown origin, so that it
is probably more correct to assume, with Vasmer, that this name, too, is
the short form of a compound containing the word *fur which corresponds
to Old Iranian *paru- 'viel', (see Vasmer, op. cit., 55).
Tanais,
,
No. 389 (228 A. D.). Probably obtained by suffixation from the short form
of a name belonging to the Old Iranian type *parupasu-.
Tanais,
,
No. 390 (228 A. D.): ~ Ossetian furt 'Sohn' < Old Iranian *puϑra-
(Vasmer, loc. cit.).
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