L– a joke pinG (‘oxyoke’) [ARS, 174]rnovo districtsCHIZH (‘a hornet’) [ChRS]
From this stem is also the Bulgarian word OSHMULEN (‘low-spirited’)
Old Bulgar words preserved in the modern Bulgarian language: ZH -Z - I - J
ZH.
| Modern Bulgarian | Eastern analogies | Cluster_user's ottomanparallels | |
| ZHAGA – a (hand) saw | Close to the Adig ZHAGA and the Abazin ZHZHVAGA(‘iron harrow’) [RAS, 39] | ||
| ZHEGL– a joke pin | DZHG (‘oxyoke’) [ARS, 174] | Pashto | |
| ZHELVA - a tortoise | JELIW (‘a cover’) [GASK, 363] | Wakhi | |
| ZHERKA – the old name of the water-mills,preserved in Sevlievo and Trnovo districts | SHERG (‘water-mill’) from JAR (‘a stone’) [IJa,203] and JEREW (‘to press, to crush’) [GASK, 363] | Ishkashimi,Wakhi | |
| ZHIVOT – life (noun). The Bulgarian wordfor ‘life’ as opposed to the common Slavic ZHIZN’ | DZHIWAK, DZWAK (‘a life’) [ARS,210-220; MGA; etc.] | Pashto | |
| ZHIZLAK – a hornet(dial.) (Dobrudzha) | ZIGOLOG (‘a hornet’)[IJa, 254] CHIZH (‘a hornet’) [ChRS] | Ishkashimi | |
| Chechen | |||
| ZHIMI BOGA! – ‘My God!’ (dial.) (in thedistrict of Okhrid, etc.) | Compare to the Talish CHIMI (‘my’) [TRS,290]. Taking into account that the old word for ‘God’ in the Pamirswas BAGA (with the ancient ending –A, characteristic for Sanskrit and Avestan),the whole expression ZHIMI BOGA! can be regarded as being brought by theold Bulgars. | Talish | |
| ZHULJU – weak, feeble man | DZMULA (‘weak, feeble’) [ARS,1970, MGA] From this stem is also the Bulgarian word OSHMULEN (‘low-spirited’) | Pashto |
| Modern Bulgarian | Eastern analogies | Cluster_user's ottomanparallels | |
| ZAGARIJA – atype of wheat; ZAKHIRE, ZAJRE – a general word for all typesgrains | ZKHGJR(‘millet’), ZGKHARA (‘bread of millet’) [ARS, 294-295] In Chuvash (Middle Volga) the same word is preserved as CAKHAR (SAKHAR),a legacy from the Volga Bulgars. Probably these words were derived from the Pamirian word for ‘reddish’– ZANGOR, leading to ZANGOR for ‘millet’. Going along this line, to the Bulgarian word for ‘wheat’ – ZHITO, correspondsthe Pamirian ZHIT (‘yellow’). That is, ZHITO was derived from the yellowcolour of the wheat grains. | Pashto | 1.ZAGARIJA turk. zag~are ("millet", rare, 19th cent. redhouse) < pers.zag~a:re "millet" 2. ZAKHIRA, ZAJRA turk. zahi^re (stored grain) < `ar. *dh*axi^ra(t) (provisions) the chuvash word is interesting but I have been unable to find it. thechuvash word given for millet is a turkic one, cognate to turkishdarI. |
| Pamirian | |||
| ZALK– a bite, mouthful | Compare to the Pamirian ZAL (‘to fill’) | Pamirian | |
| ZAMAN – an epoch | Similar in Sarikoli [SRS, 220] | Sarikoli | turk. zaman "epoch, time"< `ar. zama:n |
| ZARAN – morning | A common Pamirian word – ZAAR, ZAARE [GASK,444; etc.] | Wakhi | |
| ZAKHARLACHEN (in the district of Razgrad),ZAKHIRACHE (in the district of Trnovo)– weak, ill | ZAKHER (‘weak, feeble’) [ARS,299] | Pashto | |
| ZAKHUT – a lavatory in the district of(Razgrad), ZAKHUTJAM – to throw (in the districts of Chirpan, Shumen) | ZKHOT (‘alavatory’) [TRS, 105] | Talish | |
| ZER – really, indeed. In expressions"ima zer, taka zer" | Compare to the Pashto DZER (‘much, stressed’)[ARS, 279] | Pashto | |
| ZID – wall, withderivatives ZIDAR (‘a mason’), ZIDAM (‘to build’), ZIDARIJA(‘masonry’). Two words of this stem are attested in medieval sources –Z’DCHII (‘a builder’) and ZITKOI(‘a fortified district’) | The oldest analogy isthe Sumerian ZID (‘a barrier’), the Urartian SID (‘to build’). ZID (‘a barrier’) [LRS, 129] | ||
| Lezgin | |||
| ZIMA – a spleen(dial.) | ZILIZ (‘a spleen’) [GI,1978], ZJL-ZAM in Gukhul. ZEKHMAJ (‘a bleeding area, a wound’) [DE, 348] | EasternCaucasian | |
| Jazguljami | |||
| ZOB – grain, grain provender | ZOB [ARS], ZUOW [DE,351], ZAW [SRS, 255] – ‘grain, wheat’ | Jazguljami,Sarikoli | |
| ZURLA – a snout, muzzle of pig | ZURLA (‘a swearing, curse’) [ARS,298] | Pashto | |
| ZZNA– to shiver, to shake with cold | Compare to the ChechenZU’Z (‘shivering’), ZU’ZANA Talish Z Wakhi Z | Chechen | |
| Talish | |||
| Wakhi | |||
| ZM– a snake (dial.) | SHKHJM(‘grass-snake’) [RAS, 523] | EasternCaucasian | |
| ZNZA– miserd, niggard | ZND (‘torob’) [GASK, 517] | Wakhi |
| Modern Bulgarian | Eastern analogies | Cluster_user's ottomanparallels | |
| ILIGA – in thechildren’s game ILIGA-PILIGA (a game with ten fingers) | From the old Bulgarword ELIGA (‘ten’, noun). As in the Pamirs and in the Eastern CaucasusIL means ‘many’, while PELG is ‘finger’ in the Eastern Caucasus, ILIGA-PILIGAsimply means ‘ten fingers’ | Pamirian | |
| EasternCaucasian | |||
| INDRISHE – geranium | Most probably from the Pamirian stem ENDAR (‘inner,home’). Thus INDRISHE – ‘a home flower’. | Pamirian | |
| IKHU – an exclamation of happiness | IK! IK! (‘THIS! THIS WAY!) [LRS,135] | Lezgin | |
| IJA – one’s husband’ssister (in the district of Vrshec) | JIJ (‘brother-in-law’)[AG, 390] IJA (‘one’s husband’s sister’) [TRS, 110] | Mundzhani | |
| Talish | |||
| JOROKLICA – in expressionsuch as "Nevestice, joroklice" ("Oh, you bride, you joroklica"), "Nevestice,oruglice", etc. The Bulgarian etymological dictionary [BER,II, 108] correctly pointed to the similarity with JORUGVA (KHORUGVA)(‘a gonfalon’), which itself is unclear. | From the Mundzhani, also Persian,JORO (‘a prayer to God’) [AG, 390], also YO-RAP (‘acall to God, a promise before God’) [GASK, 510] |
| YORO < YO RAP< `ar. (ya: rabb "o lord!"), ya: rabbi "o my lord!" |
| JOSA, JOSI – a general name ofthe sheep’s offsprings | JOS (‘young animals, lambs’) [IJa,252; GASK, 511; etc.] | Ishkashimi,Wakhi |